BREAST CANCER IS A PROBLEM FOR ALL WOMEN

According to an article in the newspaper of the day Saturday Jamaica, says after having consulted several surgeons on the topic of breast cancer, they felt that it is better for a mastectomy total eradication completely prevent cancer and metastasis in the body.

Currently health campaigns find cancer at the global level are gaining strength every day, specially fight against breast cancer. Jamaica is in making this a campaign against this cancer and surgeons suggest for these things mastectomy complete, in contrast to our country, women living with the disease they are looking to save the maximum of its breast. The woman Jamaica much more can be practiced before this problem, then we are concerned about Colombian women more our personal identity.

Is important to highlight the information of this story, not only because it interesting, if not, by origin source which comes a country that it likes the communication and though they have already been advancing, especially with the news paper; this a source of very respected information in Jamaica, with a transcendence several years, and even so are less Developed the media in our country.

In Colombia journalism and its means of transmission are heavily marked, helping us to recognize as a power in the journalistic field. Here in Colombia we have many newspapers in no change in Jamaica, own average there 5 Newspapers. We also quite resource personnel in Jamaica this profession are not as outstanding. This analysis is useful to understand what step we are going and where we need to improve, to remain strong in a country communication.

The problem of the cancer at this moment is working in Jamaica as in Colombia having a feminine Population more happy and avoids the promotion of the levels of avalanche with regard to breast cancer.

by: NATHALIE JARRIN BARRETO

JAMAICA MASS MEDIA

Jamaica newspaper

· Jamaica Gleaner - Kingston. Jamaica Gleaner is a Jamaica newspaper covering general news. The Jamaica gleaner is the oldest operating newspaper in the Caribbean. This newspaper is owned by the gleaner company Ltd.
· Jamaica Observer - Kingston. Jamaica Observer is a Jamaica newspaper covering general news. This newspaper is owned by the Jamaica observer Ltd.
· Jamaica Star – Kingston. Jamaica Star is a Jamaica newspaper covering general news. This newspaper is owned by the Gleaner Company Ltd.
· Power 106 - Kingston.
· Sunday herald - Kingston.
· Washington post: Jamaica - Kingston.
· X news - Kingston.
· Mandeville weekly - Mandeville

Jamaica radio

· Radio Jamaica: is a Jamaica radio station covering general news. This radio station is owned by radio Jamaica Ltd.
· Radio2
· Fame FM
· Roots FM
· Kool FM
· Megajams
· Love FM
· Irie FM
· Power FM

Jamaica magazine

·Real estate magazine: is a Jamaican magazine about fashion and the lattest gossips.

Jamaica television

Kingston

· Love TV channel 6, Kingston, Jamaica/St. Andrew, Jamaica.
· TVJ channel 11, Kingston, Jamaica.
· Love TV channel 17, Kingston, Jamaica/St. Andrew, Jamaica.
· CETv! The Family Network (cable)

Montego Bay

· Love TV channel 2 Montego Bay
· TVJ channel 9, Montego Bay/Flower Hill. Jamaica
· CVM TV channel 13, Port Antonio

Port Antonio

· TVJ Channel 8, port Antonio
· CVM TV channel 13, port antonio

Ocho Rios (Lillyfield)

· Love TV Channel 3 Ocho Rios, Jamaica (Lillyfield)
· CVM TV Channel 10 Ocho Rios, Jamaica (Lillyfield)

Coopers Hill

· TVJ Channel 7, Coopers Hill Jamaica
· CVM TV Channel 9, Coopers Hill, Jamaica

Other Areas of Jamaica

· CVM TV Channel 4, Marley Hill, Jamaica
· Love TV Channel 8, Huntley Jamaica
· TVJ Channel 9, Yallahs, Jamaica
· TVJ Channel 10
· CVM TV Channel 12, Cabagge Hill, Jamaica
· TVJ Channel 12, Oracabessa, Jamaica
· CETv! The family Network, Portmore, Spanish Town, St. Andrew

Cable-Only

· RE TV – The #1 Station for Music and Entertainment from Jamaica
· Hype TV – Premiere Caribbean Entertainment TV Station based in Kingston
· TVJ SPORTS NETWORK – Airs regional sports based in Kingston
· CVM PLUS – Airs regional sports based in Kingston
· CaribV Tv. – Caribbean family Entertainment

by luisa natalia sierra parada, natalie escobar and natalia soto.

Diabetes in Jamaica

the diabetes is a growing concern in jamaica, this and other cronic diseases account for more than 50 of deaths in the country, is one of the reasons for the people visits the hospitals in jamaica.
the people is worried because diabetes is an illness where your body is unable to process sugar and carbohydrates, and with time is very dangerous because affect a lot of parts of your body like the liver or the kidney.
on the other hand the ministry of healt has developed a national strategic for have a better nutritional condition, and for reduce the risk of diabetes among Jamaicans.

By: Natalia M. Soto

alternative medicine of Jamaica

in Jamaica you can find a lot of plants for cure people and for try to improve the healt.
one of this plants is the Jamaica Dogwood this is an amazing traditional remedy for: neuralgia, migraine, insomnia, anxiety, fear and nervous tension.
moreover this plant was discovered since 1844, but still the scientist find in it a lot of things for cure people, the last month some scientist discovered other effect in the plant, but for see the effect you need to use the extract, and after that you will see that plant is anti-inflammatory, sedative, and anti-spasmotic.
on the other hand the plant is native of Jamaica, but we can find it too in Mexico, Central America, Florida, and the West Indies.
finally you should know that you need be careful with this plant because Excessive amounts of Jamaica dogwood can be toxic, for that reasons you should be taken with care.

By: Natalia M. Soto

Jamaica Sees 1000 New Cases of HIV Annually

A recent report by the Ministry in Jamaica has revealed that over 1,000 per-sons develop AIDS annually in Jamaica, in a paper that has now come before the House of// Representatives.


Although several people infected with the HIV virus live healthy lives for several years without developing the full-blown disease, many others don't.

The report examines the performance of the National HIV/STI Control Programme, and states that there have been 6,000 deaths since the onset of the epidemic in 1982.

According to the estimates of the Ministry of Health estimates 15,000 people of the 25,000 are not aware of their status and that in spite of the National HIV/STI Control Program preventing about 100,000 new HIV infections, the epidemic continues to grow.

Some of the factors that have been identified as contributing to the continued spread of HIV in Jamaica include illiteracy, poverty, unemployment and gender relations.

Besides that, the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS and discrimination against persons living with HIV/AIDS has contributed to the population increasingly vulnerable by driving the epidemic underground.

The document has called attention to the several sensitive social issues that need to be addressed, as well as the need to ensure that all young persons are effectively reached with HIV/AIDS education and safe skills through the education system.

The need for further expansion of the HIV/AIDS education programs in the schools, workplace and community has also been noted.

Malaria in Jamaica

The Ministry of Health of Jamaica has confirmed 280 cases of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum on the island between 6 November 2006 and 3 February 2007. Of these reported cases, 264 have occurred in Kingston// , 12 in St Catherine, 3 in St Thomas and 1 in Clarendon. There have been no reported deaths due to malaria.

The Ministry of Health is receiving technical cooperation from the WHO Regional Office for the Americas coordinated by the WHO Country Office and support from the Caribbean Epidemiology Centre to conduct intensified surveillance and to provide information to communities on adequate precautions to protect against mosquito bites. Vector control measures are also being implemented.

The outbreak in Jamaica is subsiding and an interruption in transmission is expected soon. However, the Ministry of Health plans to continue intense surveillance activities.

Jamaica is a non-endemic country for malaria. The occurrence of this outbreak highlights the importance of conducting surveillance in countries that are non-endemic to malaria.

WHO does not recommend any special restrictions to travel or trade to or from Jamaica.

by Luisa Natalia Sierra Parada

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE

the Department of Medicine offers general internal medicine services as well as specialty services via the following divisions:

ALLERGY/IMMUNOLOGY

The Allergy Division's outpatient ambulatory center focuses on the diagnosis and long-term treatment of allergy respiratory illnesses such as asthma and hay fever. Consultations are also available for patients who experience allergic reactions to medications and other substances.

CARDIOLOGY

The Cardiology Department is responsible for evaluating and treating patients who have heart disease. This includes a staff of cardiologists available to provide consultations for patients with known or suspected heart disease, on both an inpatient and outpatient basis, including taking pictures of the arteries bringing blood to the heart. Additionally, the cardiac catheterization laboratory is equipped to provide percutaneous coronary artery interventions, a procedure whereby patients presenting with certain types of heart attacks (acute myocardial infarctions), or abrupt blockages of one of the arteries feeding the heart, can have it opened with a balloon and/or stent.

A full non-invasive laboratory is available. Tests performed include:

* Electrocardiograms, which allow the electrical activity of the heart to be examined
* Echocardiograms, which use sound waves to take pictures of the heart to assess how it is working (both transthoracic and transesophageal)
* Stress tests, both chemical and exercise, with and without imaging modalities (nuclear and echocardiographic) to assess the blood flow to the heart and the f*/ unction of the heart with exercise
* Holter monitors
* Event recorders
* Tilt table testing
* Nuclear wall motion studies
* Signal-averaging electrocardiography
* Pacemaker evaluation
* Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

Non-invasive treatment of coronary artery disease with enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) for angina, is available in patients who are not candidates for angioplasty/stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery, but who have continued chest pain/angina.

A staff of cardiologists is available to provide consultation for patients with heart disease.

by luisa natalia sierra parada

JAMAICA HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER

Rheumatology

Consultations are provided for patients who develop rheumatological disorders including osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. There is a twice-monthly arthritis clinic and bone mineral density testing for diagnosing osteoporosis.

Pulmonary Medicine

A newly refurbished pulmonary function laboratory uses the latest equipment to diagnose and treat patients experiencing breathing abnormalities and acute and chronic lung disorders.

Oncology

The Oncology Division offers consultations for both inpatients and outpatients diagnosed with cancer. An ambulatory chemotherapy unit, staffed by compassionate, specially trained nurses, is available for the administration of chemotherapy and blood products. A clinical nurse specialist assists in coordinating nursing care.

Neurology

Consultations are provided for patients with neurological diseases. The division's Neurophysiology Department is available to provide diagnostic testing for both adult and pediatric patients.

Endocrinology

Consultation services are provided for patients with diabetes, thyroid disorders, osteoporosis, and diseases of the pituitary, adrenal and reproductive systems. In addition, a diabetes nurse educator assists with inpatient care and helps hospitalized patients make the transition to home.

BY NATALIE ESCOBAR NIÑO 200620842

Ganja medicine in Jamaica

EYE AND EYE

Dr Manley West is an emeritus professor and administrator who runs a pharmacology lab at the University of the West Indies (UWI) campus in Kingston. He has worked with ophthalmologist Dr Albert Lockhart on pioneering research that turns raw ganja into specialty medicines for glaucoma and other disorders.West and Lockhart were trained at prestigious academies in England, Scotland and the United States.

West has been the head of UWI's pharmacology department, and has nearly 40 years of experience in medicine and health. Lockhart has 36 years experience as a researcher and ophthalmologist. The lauded duo has received two of Jamaica's highest medical honors: the Order of Merit for Medicine and the Musgrave Gold Medal. Why were they honored? Because they created Canasol, a ganja-based medicine that helps decrease intraocular pressure with none of the side effects caused by other treatments.West explained that he and Lockhart began studying cannabis-glaucoma pharmacology in the early 1970's. Scientists had long known that cannabis lowered intraocular pressure, but instead of utilizing whole smoked cannabis, American researchers spent millions of dollars on a poorly-designed topical THC eyedrop treatment that had caused eye irritation and failed to decrease intraocular pressure.While Randall smoked ganja, found it a miracle medicine, and fought the US government's attempts to prevent him from using it, West and Lockhart were doing innovative experiments to determine which ganja constituents were responsible for marijuana's anti-glaucoma effects. The Jamaican government granted them an official new drug certification for Canasol in February 1983."It was a breakthrough," West explained.

"I had long been interested in finding therapeutic compounds derived from natural origins. Glaucoma hits blacks sooner in life, progresses faster, and more often results in blindness. About 100,000 of our 3 million island population has it. Other glaucoma medications produced side effects, and the only other treatment was surgery, which is also risky. We wanted a safer, more affordable medicine for Jamaicans.

Canasol appears to be the answer. It works within minutes to lower pressure, even in patients who have rare forms of glaucoma or have not responded well to other treatments."

BY NATALIE ESCOBAR NIÑO 200620842

MANY MEDICINES

In an article published in the West Indies Medical Journal in 1978, West wrote: "Sun-dried whole plant (cannabis sativa) was obtained from the Police Department. The material was carefully examined for extraneous matter. A macerate was made which contained 5% w/v of whole cannabis. The solution was filtered using Whatman's No. 1 filter paper and the solution rapidly sterilized using a sintered glass filter (5 on 3) with a porosity of 1 to 1.5 microns. The sterilized solution was distributed aseptically into eye drop containers and stored in a cool dark place above freezing point."

Neither West nor Lockhart would elaborate on the exact procedures used to transform the above-mentioned solution into a prescription medicine, although Lockhart did say that a stable "powder" had been made in sufficient quantity to supply the experimenters with all the "principle" they needed to conduct numerous experiments and to make stable pharmaceutical preparations. Canasol has been stored at varying temperatures for eight years, West noted, and had no significant loss of potency.

During the 1980's and 90's, West said, thousands of vials of Canasol have been tested and used as a topical eye medicine in Jamaica, Europe, the Caribbean, the South Pacific and other areas.

"It has no reported side-effects," West emphatically stated, "which makes it safer than the standard chemical glaucoma medications. It acts very quickly, both as a preventive and in situations of acute onset, to lower intraocular pressure. Patients report excellent results and ease of use, and doctors are quite happy to have Canasol in their therapeutic arsenal. It is part of the curriculum in medical schools, during courses that discuss drugs affecting the eye."

With Canasol increasingly accepted by doctors and patients worldwide, the Jamaican researchers turned their attention to other medical uses of ganja constituents. In 1990, they released Asmasol, a cannabis derivative that helps relieve asthma attacks.

"Asmasol is useful during both the acute phase of an asthma attack, and as a preventive during the impending phase," West explained, adding that he and Lockhart have also created Canavert, a ganja-based treatment for motion sickness, and are working on Cantimol, another glaucoma medication slated for imminent release.

More research is planned, as the imaginative team looks into ganja's effects on nausea, arthritis, pain and migraine headaches.

"This plant has hundreds of potentially helpful constituents," West explains. "It is useful for many conditions, and is a storehouse of amazing proportions."

by NATALIE ESCOBAR NIÑO 200620842

NIGHT LIFE

In different places us hotels, you can to enjoy several actuations of Musical bands and you can to hear own rates of the region how it is the calypso. The folkloric samples and the Caribbean percussion concerts are frequent all over the country.

To that except there a show is once at the week to the torch light, of percussion with dance limbo and fire swallow acrobats' shows. Also there are discotheques, nightclubs and jazz concerts. The music most important of this region is the reggae and is for this reason this rate is present forever in all artistic presentations at country. The music and the African culture are very present in the life of the country, mixed with the colonial British influence, and in minor measurement with Asian and European influences.

The Jamaicans are very hospitable and in case of being invited to eat to the house of someone it is a custom to take a small gift. Although during the day it is dressed informally, the use of short trousers and suits of bath must be restricted to the beaches and swimming pools.

As the tourism is the principal industry of the country, the visitor is very well received, and the employees of the hotels and restaurants are respectful, nice and obliging.

Slightly very curious on the tips, the majority of the hotels and restaurants add an extra charge of 10 % on the invoice; when they do not include it one usually stops between 10 and 15 % of tip. The employees of the hotels and restaurants, as well as the young boys of load of the airports, receive tips. To cabdriver they usually give a tip equivalent to 10 % of the price paid for the trajectory.

INTRODUCTION

Jamaica

is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, 234 kilometres (146 mi) in length and as much as 80 kilometres (50 mi) in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. It is about 620 kilometres (385 mi) northeast of the Central American mainland, 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 190 kilometres (120 mi) west of the island of Hispaniola, on which Haiti and the Dominican Republic are situated. Its indigenous Arawakan-speaking Taíno inhabitants named the island Xaymaca, meaning either the "Land of Springs," or the "Land of Wood and Water." Formerly a Spanish possession known as Santiago, it later became the British West Indies Crown colony of Jamaica. It is the third most populous anglophone country in the Americas, after the United States and Canada.

History of jamaica

Is one of the largest caribbean islands, was inhabited by Arawaks, They probably come from the country knew as Guyana, where Arawak Indians are still to be found.

The history of Jamaica may be roughly divided into six periods:

The first period may be said to date from Columbus’ arrival in the island in 1494 to the destruction of Port Royal in 1692.

The second period of our history extends from.the destruction of Port Royal to the abolition of the slave trade in 1807.

The third period of Jamaican history covers the years between the abolition of the slave trade and the Morant Bay rebellion in 1865.

The fourth period dates from 1865 to the end of July, 1914.
The fifth period began with the outbreak of the First World War on August 1, 1914 and ended on August 1962.

The sixth period began on August 6, 1962, and records the history of Jamaica as an independent country.